NEUMONÍA ASOCIADA A VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA EN ÁREAS CRÍTICAS DEL HOSPITAL TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO EN EL PERIODO MAYO - DICIEMBRE 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, usually transmitted through coughing, sneezing, contact or even breathing. Mechanically ventilated pneumonia (VAP) is a pulmonary complication that develops after 48 to 72 hours of endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. It is the most frequent infectious complication in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (UCI) and affects 27% of all critically ill patients. NAVM is a serious global health problem that generates large expenditures to health institutions, long hospital stay and the use of broad spectrum microbial agents at high cost. Objective. To identify the characteristics of patients who acquire pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in the critical areas of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period May - December 2016. Methodology. For the development of the study, a prospective and descriptive study was carried out, in which the clinical results of 58 patients who developed pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation were analyzed and described. The variables were: age, sex, pathological history, microorganisms Pathogens, discharge condition, among others, using the SPSS version 23 program. Results. The greatest development of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation was in male patients. The most affected age group corresponds to patients between 71 and 80 years old. The main etiological factor of admission was acquired pneumonia in the community. The majority of patients had pneumonia associated with late mechanical ventilation X Conclusions. Of a total of 90 patients developed pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, the most frequent causative germ was Acinetobacter baumanii followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mortality of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia was demonstrated when 34 of 58 patients died, corresponding to 59%. Recommendations. I suggest continuing the research at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital with an increase in time and number of patients and correlating the information with other hospital centers in the province, in order to have more data and to have a statistic that improves the identification, prevention , treatment and prognosis of these patients