PREVENCIÓN NO FARMACOLÓGICA DE NEUMONÍA ASOCIADA A VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA EN EL HOSPITAL TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO. PERÍODO JUNIO - NOVIEMBRE 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonias associated with mechanical ventilation (PAMV) are a significant public health problem, due to their tendency to accumulate complications, high fatality rates, as well as the high direct and indirect economic costs related to treatment and rehabilitation of these patients. Objective: To evaluate compliance with non-pharmacological prevention measures against ventilator-associated pneumonia in the Hospital "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" in the period June-November 2016. Material and Methods: A quantitative, analytical, observational, prospective, non-experimental study was conducted in 103 patients of the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" in the period June-November 2016. An instrument of Collection of data was applied. The qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and the quantitative as means with standard deviation. The chi square test was used to determine associations and the Studen's T test to compare means between two groups. The results of the statistical tests were considered as significant when the p-value was less than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of PAMV was 61.2%. A significant association was found between days of prolonged endotracheal intubation (p<0.001), prolonged in-hospital stay (p=0.008), use of corticosteroids (p=0.006), and presence of radiographic changes. The SOFA scale was higher in PAMV (7.33 ± 2.57 points vs. 5.82 ± 1.90 points). There was a lower frequency of PAMV in the use of tracheostomy (37.0% vs 69.7%) and handwashing (45.2% vs. 72.1%) with a statistically significant association. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of PAMV in our locality, where handwashing and early tracheostomy may offer a benefit to reduce the frequency of pneumonia. This is why it is necessary to reinforce important preventive measures against this entity, as well as the close monitoring of practices and protocols in the centers of assistance in critical medicine in our locality.