INFECCIONES DE SITIO QUIRÚRGICO EN APENDICITIS AGUDA DESPUÉS DE APENDICECTOMÍA CONVENCIONAL VERSUS APENDICECTOMÍA LAPAROSCÓPICA EN EL HOSPITAL TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO PERIODO 2015

Abstract

Acute appendicitis is a common intraabdominal surgical pathology, requiring an integral understanding of its presentation, diagnosis and operative management. With increasing trends in the application of the laparoscopic procedure, the incidence of surgical site infection after appendectomy decreased compared to conventional open techniques. Objective: To analyze surgical site infections in acute appendicitis after conventional and laparoscopic appendectomy at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from 2015. Materials and methods: A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out, including To 139 appendectomized patients at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Regional Hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Indirect observation was used for the collection of data from clinical records and descriptive and inferential statistics for the analysis of the information. Results: The male sex represented the highest frequency and predominated in both surgical procedures, especially young adults between 20-40 years of age. More than half the population of patients analyzed showed alterations in nutritional status, especially overweight and obesity. There was a higher proportion of patients with obesity in the group who underwent conventional surgery. Phlegmonous and gangrenous appendicitis were the most frequent pathological findings. The most important transoperative finding was appendicular perforation. Risk factors were present in 89.90% of the patients, predominating in the group that underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. Conclusion: Open surgery presented more cases of surgical site infection in relation to the laparoscopic group, especially superficial infection. It was found that there is a statistically significant association between the development of SSI and the presence of risk factors (p <0.05). In addition, having risk factors represent a 3-fold greater risk for the development of surgical site infection, in relation to the group that does not have risk factors.