"COMPLICACIONES QUIRÚRGICAS EN PACIENTES INTERVENIDOS POR FRACTURAS FACIALES EN EL HOSPITAL TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO EN EL PERIODO ENERO 2015 HASTA ENERO

Abstract

Traffic accidents, interpersonal violence, gunshot wounds, and rapid deceleration mechanisms that push the face against blunt objects or the steering wheel result in facial fractures. Its timely treatment is important as it has been considered an important cause of morbidity. The objective of this research was to analyze the complications that occurred during the surgical act in interventions due to facial trauma fractures, the determination of the mechanisms that occurred, and the identification of osteosynthesis complications and the most frequent surgical complication was established. . The study was carried out at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period January 2015 to January 2017 using a descriptive and retrospective design, which showed the following results: The fracture of the middle facial third was the most frequent, prevailing with 54.5%, followed by the lower third with a percentage of 37.5; in a minority, 8% corresponded to the upper third. The maxillary facial fracture reconstruction procedure to which the patients were subjected was the most frequent osteosynthesis with plaque and the majority of patients corresponded to the male sex, and the age group of 16 to 29 years predominated. According to the causal mechanism of fracture that prevailed was the accident by motorcycle followed by blunt trauma and in minor percentages represented the automobile accident, injury by firearm and falls. Eight patients presented surgical complications, of which 5 cases were dueto complications within the Osteosynthesis, 62.5% of the total patients were operated, while 25% presented complications of the osteotomy and 12.5% corresponding to 1 case. of complication of the cerclage. Of the patients, 5.6% had a complication by osteosynthesis technique, corresponding to extrusion, asymmetry and vasculonerviosa lesion. Of the patients who underwent osteotomies, 4.5% corresponded to 2 people, presenting as a complication the undesired and the incomplete osteotomy, respectively. Key words: Facial fractures, maxillofacial surgery, Le fort, surgical complications, osteotomy, osteosynthesis, reductions.