VALORACIÓN DEL GRADO DE DEPRESIÓN Y ANSIEDAD EN LOS PACIENTES DEL AREA DE QUEMADOS DEL HOSPITAL LUIS VERNAZA EN EL PERIODO DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2016 A FEBRERO DEL 2017.

Abstract

Background: Anxiety and depression are common problems affecting the mental health status of patients with catastrophic illnesses. Adequate psychological care of the patient with burns is the fundamental pillar of the treatment. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale is an endorsed screening tool to recognize possible cases of groups of patients with higher levels of anxiety or depression. Objective: To determine the degree of depression and anxiety that patients present in relation to the different degrees of burns in the Burn Unit of Luis Vernaza Hospital. Methodology: The research design was analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional, which included 84 patients with burns who were given the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at the Luis Vernaza Hospital in Guayaquil. The study period comprised from September 2016 to February 2017. Statistical software SPSS version 21 was used for the analysis of the information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to establish associations and risk of variables. The results were represented in the form of simple tables and contingency, considering a p-value <0.05. Results: Of the total number of patients in the study (84), 79.8% (67) corresponded to the age group of 19-40 years of age. The average age was 29.51 years. 82.1% (69) belonged to male gender. Thermal and electrical burns with 48.8% each represented the most frequent etiologies. Two-degree burns (45.2%) were the most common and more than half of the patients (53.6%) had burns with a percentage of body surface area burned> 15%. Of xi the total patients in the study (84), 4.8% (4) had morbidity, while only 2.4% (2) developed a clinical anxiety problem. For the diagnosis of depression the scale gave high scores in the 13% (11) of 10 and 14 points. More than the Half of the analyzed sample presented anxiety when the burn affected zone 2 (33.3%) and zone 3 (33.3%). A higher frequency of depression was observed when burns affected zone 3 (45.4%) and zone 2 (27.2%). A statistically significant association was found between the development of anxiety with deep burns (p 0.001) and when the percentage of SCQ was> 15% (p 0.001). A statistically significant association was found between the development of depression with deep burns (p 0.015) and when the percentage of SCQ was> 15% (p <0.044). The risk estimate determined that deep burns increased 5-fold the risk of depression (OR: 5,120 IC 95%: 1,247-21,018) and when the SCQ was> 15% the risk was 4 times higher for developing depression (OR: 4,625 IC 95%: 0,934-22,894) in relation to the group of patients who did not have these risk factors. Deep burns were also found to increase anxiety risk by three times (OR: 3,379 IC 95%: 0,582-19,611) and when The SCQ is> 15%, the risk is 4 times higher for developing anxiety (OR: 4,750 IC 95%: 0,530-42,547) in relation to the group of patients who do not have these risk factors. Conclusion: The incidence of burns is higher in young adults, with a greater tendency in males. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale proved to be a reliable tool to identify patients with anxiety, depression and at risk in their mental health.