EFECTOS PULMONARES DE LA VENTILACIÓN NO INVASIVA INTERMITENTE COMPARADA CON TERAPIA RESPIRATORIA EN POSOPERATORIO DE CIRUGÍA CARDIACA. UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS DEL HOSPITAL LUIS VERNAZA. MARZO A OCTUBRE 2018.

Abstract

An observational, analytical, prospective and longitudinal study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the Luis Vernaza Hospital, from March to October 2018, with the objective of evaluating the pulmonary effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) versus respiratory physiotherapy in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. We used a random sample, the 55 patients included in the study were divided into two groups: those who received intermittent NIV (31 patients) and those who received conventional respiratory therapy (24 patients). They were tested for lung function, oxygenation index and pulmonary complications were assessed. Both groups were compared using the SPSS version 21 program as a statistical method, performing the Kolmogorov Smirnov test to assess normality and the Student's T test to determine differences between the groups studied. The main results were: the NIV group decreased oxygenation levels at 6 hours versus the control group (p <0.05). The pulmonary complication 24 hours postoperatively of the NIV group was atelectasis, vs bronchial congestion presented by the control group. The pulmonary function of the NIV group was not superior to the control group at seven and thirty days postoperatively. It is concluded that NIV post-extubation did not show improvement in oxygenation compared to control group and did not decrease the percentage of atelectasis or improve pulmonary function tests compared to the control group, presenting significant difference with respect to extubation and stay in intensive care in comparison to the control group. NIV is not recommended after cardiac surgery to prevent postoperative atelectasis and hypoxemia.