"ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE PÀCIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS CON LEUCEMIA AGUDA DEL HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO "DR. FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE·, GUAYAQUIL, 2016"6

Abstract

Leukemias are the most common cancer in children between 12 months of age and 15 years, reaching up to 30% of all childhood malignancies, with a high risk of malnutrition due to the characteristics of the disease. base disease. Malnutrition is the most common secondary diagnosis in patients with leukemia. Malnutrition has been shown by several authors to be a relevant factor in the treatment and evolution of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of pediatric patients under 6 years of age with acute leukemia at the "Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante" Child Hospital from Guayaquil during 2016 to develop a menu program for oncology patients that improves the prognosis of the disease. Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the oncology service of the "Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante" Child Hospital, with universe and sample of 42 cases selected at convenience. Non-experimental, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional design. The instruments used were the patients' medical records and a sociodemographic and dietary survey directed at children's representatives. Results: 45% of the sample has altered its nutritional status, 40% have moderate anemia and low weight, according to BMI / Age and Weight / Height ratios, 53% have hypoalbuminemia, the biochemical analysis is independent of the BMI / age and the index. /Age. There is little consumption of meats, vegetables and fruits, with a predominance of small portion size, there is high consumption of rice, potatoes and plantains. Conclusion: The quality of the diet is not considered a risk factor for lymphoblastic leukemia and nutritional protocols are not made in hospitalization and consultation. The data obtained served as the basis for developing a nutritionally adequate menu program with cultural and economic access.