COMPLICACIONES NEONATALES ASOCIADAS A MADRES CON DIABETES EN HOSPITAL DE TERCER NIVEL “TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO” PERÍODO ENERO 2016 – MAYO 2018

Abstract

Objective: To determine the association that exist between neonatal complications and mothers with diabetes in Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialties Hospital period from January 2016 to May 2018. Materials and Methods: This research work is of a non- experimental type descriptive observational cross sectional – retrospective with quantitative approach. The universe is made up of all infants born to diabetic mothers born at the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo during the period January 2016 – May 2018. The type of sample is not probabilistic for convenience, the sample will consist of infants who meet the inclusion criteria. Results: The characteristic of 122 newborns of mothers who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The main demographic characteristic was that according to gestational age in percentage of 3.3%, 9,0% % late premature, 2,5% moderate premature and 85,2% at the end. 85% of newborns of diabetic mothers were born at term with an average of 37.9 ± 2,2 weeks gestation. The average weight was3325 ± 831grams. Regarding the type of maternal diabetes mellitus observed, 80,3% had gestational diabetes in to 19,6% with a diagnosis of pregestational diabetes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus). Neonatal complication in patients with diabetes mellitus during pregnancy were observed in 64 of 122 (52.46%) newborns who were part of the study. The most frequent neonatal complications were respiratory distress syndrome (30,3%), hypoglycemia (27,3%) and macrosomia (25,4%). Prematurity, tachypnea, heart disease, polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia occurred in less than 15% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: the main complications in neonates in both mothers with pregestational diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes were respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, prematurity and macrosomia. Neonatal complications were more common in newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes despite not being statistically significant.