CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LAS MALFORMACIONES CARDÍACAS EN RECIÉN NACIDOS DEL HOSPITAL DE NIÑOS DOCTOR ROBERTO GILBERT ELIZALDE EN EL PERÍODO 2013-2017

Abstract

Cardiac malformations are a set of pathologies present at birth, which manifest as a consequence of alterations during cardiac embryonic development. These pathologies can be detected by echocardiography, being diagnosed early to allow better management, treatment and prognosis. In Ecuador, in 2014, according to the INEC (National Institute of Statistics and Census), these pathologies are the fifth cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study seeks to characterize cardiac malformations in newborns of the Children's Hospital Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde. The present study is retrospective, non-experimental, observational and cross-sectional with a quantitative approach through clinical records of live newborns during the 2013-2017 study period at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital. It was possible to demonstrate that the frequency of these pathologies has increased in these last 5 years, rising in 2017 to 35.48%; The main cardiac diseases are: PDA (Persistent Arterial Ductus) 74.88%; CIA (Intraarticular Communication) 32.72% and CIV (Interventricular Communication) 35.39%. Several comparisons were made through Chi square between cardiac malformations and the antecedents of maternal infections during the first period of pregnancy resulting in a high rate of leucorrhoea (20.8%) and urinary tract infections (28.0%). According to the data obtained, it is demonstrated that the highest prevalence of these cardiac pathologies is found in pre-term male newborns with a frequency of 52.29%.