“DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS MALFORMACIONES GASTROINTESTINALES MÁS FRECUENTES EN PACIENTES DEL HOSPITAL DR. FRANCISCO ICAZA BUSTAMANTE DE GUAYAQUIL DE ENERO 2017 A DICIEMBRE 2018”

Abstract

Problem: Every year 303,000 newborns die during the first four weeks of life in the world due to congenital anomalies, the lethality rate of congenital gastrointestinal malformations (MGI) amounts to 66% without surgical correction. These pathologies can cause chronic disabilities with great impact on those affected, their families, health systems and society. Objective: To describe the congenital gastrointestinal malformations diagnosed in children admitted to Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital in the period January 2017 to December 2018, in addition to the most frequent age of onset, the province with the highest number of cases and the average number of cases days of hospital stay. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, non-experimental study with a quantitative approach in 84 patients diagnosed with congenital MGI. A data collection sheet was used as an instrument and the statistical analysis was descriptive using Microsoft Excel. Results: The most frequently diagnosed MGI were: absence, atresia and congenital stenosis of the anus with fistula (47%); atresia of the esophagus without tracheoesophageal fistula (16%); congenital diaphragmatic hernia (11%); absence, atresia and congenital stenosis of the anus (8%); gastroschisis (6%); congenital stenosis of the rectum (4%); absence, atresia and congenital stenosis of the ileum, jejunum and congenital stenosis of the esophagus, (2%) and atresia of the esophagus with tracheoesophageal fistula (1%). Conclusion: The objectives of the study were met, since between January 2017 and December 2018, a total of 84 cases of congenital gastrointestinal malformations were presented at the Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante hospital. Being the imperforate anus or anal atresia the most frequent pathology, the province of Guayas with the highest number of cases and an average hospital stay of 5.5 days. All professionals involved in the area of health must recognize the importance of early diagnosis of this type of pathologies in order to reduce the risk of mortality and improve the quality of life of affected children.