Abandono al tratamiento antifímico en pacientes con Tuberculosis Pulmonar que forman parte del Programa de Control Domiciliario del Centro de Salud N°1 Dr. Segundo Machado Sánchez de la ciudad de Guayaquil en el año 2023

Abstract

The issue addressed in this study is the discontinuation of anti-tuberculosis treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Home Control Program at Health Center No. 1 Dr. Segundo Machado Sánchez in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The objective was to identify the factors associated with treatment abandonment. The methodology implemented was a correlational, non-experimental cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 33 patients was used. Data were collected using the TAQ-TB questionnaire, evaluating sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, knowledge, social support, and access to healthcare services. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. The results showed that 36.4% of patients abandoned the treatment. Associations were found between treatment abandonment and low educational level (p=0.031), the presence of comorbidities (p=0.018), adverse drug effects (p=0.002), low knowledge about tuberculosis (p<0.001), family and social support (p=0.006), and barriers to accessing healthcare services (p=0.011). The key conclusions indicate that treatment abandonment is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial aspects. The study highlights the need to implement comprehensive strategies addressing these factors, including educational programs, psychosocial support interventions, proper management of adverse effects, and improvement in access to healthcare services. The study emphasizes the importance of considering sociocultural and healthcare system-related factors in addressing pulmonary tuberculosis, suggesting that interventions should be culturally sensitive and tailored to the specific needs of the population to improve treatment adherence.